Basic vault prototype using OP_CAT

What is the purpose of fixing output_1 to dust amount ?

It seems to me that if you fix the covenant input index to 0 you can allow second output to be any amount.

input_0 = output_0 and covenant_input_index is 0, and there is only two inputs and two outputs.

Therefore, the output_1 amount can only be equal to input_1 amount minus the fee.